Avoiding the issues

DRUG DEVELOPMENT Immunogenicity: anticipating and avoiding issues for biopharmaceutical development

an immune response in the recipient: this may be the intended effect, as in the case of vaccines, or unintended. Depending on the nature and magnitude of the response, unintended immunogenicity can impact negatively on overall clinical benefit and risk. All biopharmaceutical products have an intrinsic immunogenic potential by virtue of molecular features that can stimulate cells of the adaptive...

Reproducibility Issues: Avoiding Pitfalls in Animal Inflammation Models.

In light of an enhanced awareness of ethical questions and ever increasing costs when working with animals in biomedical research, there is a dedicated and sometimes fierce debate concerning the (lack of) reproducibility of animal models and their relevance for human inflammatory diseases. Despite evident advancements in searching for alternatives, that is, replacing, reducing, and refining ani...

The SEMA referential framework: Avoiding equivocations on security and safety issues

SEISMIC ISSUES IN THE DESIGN PROCESS THE ROLE OF ARCHITECT IN SEISMIC SAFETY ISSUES IN THE DESIGN PROCESS

When a specific building is examined and analysed for its architectural merits, it is the visible, superficial aspects, which are considered, for example: aesthetics, function, spatial relationships, and landscape. One of the most important invisible factors that should be considered in the design process is the safety of buildings against natural hazards, particularly against earthquakes. Whil...

SEISMIC ISSUES IN THE DESIGN PROCESS THE ROLE OF ARCHITECT IN SEISMIC SAFETY ISSUES IN THE DESIGN PROCESS

When a specific building is examined and analysed for its architectural merits, it is the visible, superficial aspects, which are considered, for example: aesthetics, function, spatial relationships, and landscape. One of the most important invisible factors that should be considered in the design process is the safety of buildings against natural hazards, particularly against earthquakes. Whil...